It is often called the "ground wire," or safety ground. Ground is a safety conductor with a low impedance path to earth. Ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) protection is required on receptacles in wet locations and locations where there exists an easy path for fault current to travel to earth. Receptacles protected in this manner or with a GFCI circuit breaker should be labeled "GFCI protected". Grounding wire of circuit may be bare or identified insulated wire of green or green having yellow stripes. BS 8546 applies to travel adaptors having at least one plug or socket-outlet portion compatible with BS 1363 plugs and socket-outlets. There is no difference between the two wires electrically speaking, but one or both wires will often feature some type of marking to make them more easily traceable over a distance. There has been publicity about the dangers of poor quality covers, most of which open the shutters when plugged in, but some of which then break apart on removal in a way that leaves the shutters open and the contact holes exposed, or some with poorly formed pins that can strain the contact springs and damage the socket. Generally the plug is the movable connector attached to an electrically operated device's mains cable, and the socket is fixed on equipment or a building structure and connected to an energised electrical circuit.

Prior to BS 546, British Standards for domestic plugs and sockets included dimensional specifications for the socket contact tubes. North American standards state that the neutral is neither switched nor fused except in very narrowly defined circumstances. The work will be inspected by a designated authority at several stages before permission is obtained to energize the wiring from the local electric utility; the inspector may be an employee of the state or city, or an employee of an electrical supply utility. The NEC is not any jurisdiction's electrical code per se; rather, it is an influential work of standards that local legislators (e.g., city council members, state legislators, etc. as appropriate) tend to use as a guide when enacting local electrical codes. Carl August Steinheil in Munich was able to build a telegraph network within the city in 1835-1836. In 1838, Steinheil installed a telegraph along the Nuremberg-Fürth railway line, built in 1835 as the first German railroad, which was the first earth-return telegraph put into service. In these spots, NM or THHN would require conduit, whereas armored cable can be installed as is. By transposing conductors at specified intervals, it's possible to suppress crosstalk among several open-wire audio pairs installed along the same poleline.

Leg as in "hot leg" refers to one of multiple hot conductors in an electrical system. Starting at the top and working down, the facilities in the supply space are: Static wire: a grounded wire at the very top of the pole intended to protect lower conductors from lightning. At times of lower interest rates and low commodity costs, Kelvin's law indicates that thicker wires are optimal. Telephone cables may contain four or eight wires, while ethernet cables (internet connection) consist of eight wires arranged in four twisted pairs. Phase wire in a circuit may be any color other than green, gray, or white (whether these are solid colors or stripes). The common colors are black, red, blue, brown, yellow, and orange (high-leg delta) insulated wire, sometimes other colors. An older, but still widely used, high-leg delta system uses three phases with 240 volts phase-to-phase for motor loads, and 120 volts for lighting loads by use of a center-tapped transformer; two of the phases are 120 volts to neutral. The most common three-phase system will have three hot legs, 208 V to each other and 120 V each to the neutral. There are three methods to do this.

There were previous exceptions for refrigerators because unattended disconnection could cause spoilage of food and for garbage disposals. Instead, for refrigerators and other semi-permanent appliances in basements and wet areas, a one-outlet non-GFCI dedicated receptacle was generally used. This includes all receptacles intended to service kitchen counter surfaces, crawl spaces at or below grade level, basements, garages and accessory buildings, bathrooms, laundry areas, within 6 ft. Most GFCI receptacles allow the connection and provide GFCI protection for down-stream connected receptacles. It is sponsored by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and has been periodically revised since 1897. Local jurisdictions usually adopt the NEC or another published code and then distribute documents describing how local codes vary from the published codes. As of the 2020 NEC this exception no longer exists and those devices in are required to have GFCI protection where otherwise required. The code provides rules for sizing electrical boxes for the number of wires and wiring devices in the box.

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